Concrete art
Started in 1930 with a manifesto written by Theo van Doesburg, the Concrete Art movement took on the principles and inspirations from De Stijl and Constructivism and rejected the idea of art serving reality, stating that art has no other meaning than itself, as expressed in the Basis of Concrete Painting manifesto. This element of separation between the object depicted and the depiction itself paved the way to the Concrete Art movement between 1930s and 1960 also thanks to Bauhaus former student Max Bill, who took up van Doesburg theories and applied its principles across Europe and even in South America, inspiring modernist architecture and design.