After studying art at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, Szczuka worked as a painter, book design, illustrator and set designer for theatre productions. He attended the First International Exhibition of Modern Art in Bucharest with Teresa Żarnowerówna and shortly after he co-founded the Polish avant-garde group Blok, contributing to its magazine. In 1927 – same year of his death – he started a new magazine called Dźwignia, affiliated to the Polish Comunist Party, as editor and publisher.