Born to a wealthy Bohemian and Czech family, Funke enrolled at Charles University in Prague and later in Bratislava but abandoned his studies to become a photographer. At the beginning of his career, he experimented with Constructivism, Surrealism and Expressionism before focusing purely on photography. In 1922 he founded the Czech Photographic Society with Sudek and Schneeberger. From 1931 he began teaching in Bratislava with Ladislav Sutha and in Prague. He was editor of the journal Fotografický obzor (Photographic Horizons). He travelled extensively and documented social conditions and poverty in the Bad Living series.